Interest Rates

Within twenty-four hours, the two central banks that matter most for Japanese equity investors held their policy rates steady. The Bank of Japan kept its overnight call rate at 0.75 per cent. The Federal Reserve kept its federal funds rate at 3.50–3.75 per cent. Both decisions were expected. Neither was the story. The story is in the dissents — and in what they reveal about the diverging trajectories of the world’s two largest bond markets, the unwinding of the yen carry trade, and why TOPIX, and Japanese financial stocks in particular, are positioned to outperform global indices through the turbulence ahead. ...

The Bank of Japan’s policy board meets on March 18–19 with the overnight rate at 0.75%, the highest in thirty years. The market expects a hold. The decision itself is not the story. The language is. Two forces are pulling in opposite directions, and the words the BOJ chooses to describe the balance between them will determine whether April remains a live meeting or whether the next hike slips to June or beyond. ...

In the alphabet soup of financial metrics, few are as obscure—or as revealing—as Embedded Value (EV). While equity investors worldwide obsess over PER and PBR, a handful of listed Japanese life insurers are quietly trading at 60 to 70 cents on the yen of their intrinsic worth, measured by a yardstick that almost nobody outside the insurance sector bothers to learn. That is about to matter. Japan’s interest-rate regime is shifting. Its population is ageing into a demographic structure that demands more, not less, private insurance. And the regulatory apparatus that suppressed insurer profitability for two decades is now, paradoxically, creating the conditions for outsized returns. Understanding why requires a detour through the peculiar economics of life insurance—and a valuation framework that most retail investors have never encountered. ...

For three decades, betting on Japanese banks was an exercise in masochism. Negative rates crushed margins. Balance sheets swelled but profits did not. Then the Bank of Japan started hiking, and the masochists discovered they had been sitting on a convex payoff all along. The three megabanks are on course for record profits. MUFG has guided for 2.1 trillion yen, SMFG for 1.5 trillion, Mizuho for 1.13 trillion. The common explanation is that higher rates mean fatter margins. This is true as far as it goes, which is not very far. ...